Animals Should Be Used in Scientific Research Essay

Over 100 million animals are used each year in the United States as models in biological and medical look to study human disease, injury, development, psychology, and anatomy and physiology. Research involving animals has played a vital role in virtually every major medical advance of the last century. Even today, there is no complete alternative to biomedical query with animals. The vast majority of look animals are mice and rats bred for this purpose.Dogs, cats, and non-human primates together account for less than one-half of one percent of the total, and this number has declined for more than 25 years. Since 1979, the number of dogs and cats needed in animal research has declined by more than 50%. The number of non-human primates needed represents less than .2% (.18% in 2004) and has remained relatively constantin the 50,000 per year rangefor the past decade. storyThe history behind animals being used in scientific research is that is started In Europe and in the US by the e arly 1900s and particularly during and following World War I the benefits of animal research continued to be recognized. Following the Nuremberg Trials for atrocities by the Nazis during World War II, edict spoke loudly demanding no research on humans until animal research had made such research a reasonable risk. Today, the majority of population in our society do agree with the idea of the humane and responsible use of animals in research.There is safeguard standards for scientific studies on animals * The USDA has tack together forth federal regulations governing the care and use of animals in biomedical research that are considered even more extensive than those covering human research subjects. * The physical Welfare Act sets standards of care for research animals with regard to their housing, feeding, cleanliness, ventilation, and medical needs and requires the use of anesthesia or analgesic drugs for potentially painful procedures and during post-operative care.* The US Public Health Service Act requires that all institutions receiving research funds from NIH, FDA, or CDC adhere to the standards set out in the Guide for the Care and engage of Laboratory Animals.* Institutions must follow detailed animal care recommendations and establish an IACUC to ensure that all animals are treated responsibly and humanely Some battalion think that all animals that are in scientific research are in pain or wo while undergoing the research that is not unavoidably true. The 2004 USDA Annual Report reveals that 57% of all research procedures with animals involved no more than slight or momentary pain or distress (i.e., an injection). In 34% of research procedures anesthesia and postoperative painkillers were used. In 9% of the procedures, neither anesthesia nor pain medication could be used, as they would set about interfered with research results.Scientific Perspectives Here are 4 reasons why animals are used in research1. The principles of anatomy and physio logy are true for humans and animals, especially mammals. formerly scientists learned that animals were similar to humans, in physiology and anatomy, it became preferable to use animals rather than humans for preliminary research. 2. Certain strains or breeds of animals get the same diseases or conditions as humans. Animal Models are frequently critical to understanding a disease and developing appropriate treatments. 3. Research meant introducing one variable and observing the results of that one item. With animals we can statement their environment (temperature, humidity, etc.), and shield them from diseases or conditions not related to the research (control their health). Although human and animals get the disease that may be the subject of a research investigation, the distinct life styles or living conditions make them poor subjects until preliminary research under controlled conditions has been done. 4. We can use scientifically-valid numbers of animals. Data from one anima l or human is not research it is a case study. To scientifically leaven a hypothesis, an adequate number of subjects must be used to statistically test the results of the research. Some individuals claim that we should use human or animals that have a disease to study that disease.Certainly, epidemiological studies (tracking the occurrence of a disease or condition) have provided many important insights into the cause of a disease or a condition, especially when an environmental aspect is responsible. However, epidemiological studies are successful in whole a limited number of situations. Only if the study of a disease is severely hindered or not possible when the research subjects have been/are uncovered to a variety of environmental factors. According to the American Medical Association, humans are the most frequently used animal in research. However, research studies conducted on humans follow preliminary studies conducted in animals. These animal studies make human studies a reasonable risk. The animal studies are not a guarantee of success, exclusively they do tell us that the human research has a reasonable probability of success.